This section highlights the research articles pertaining to ligaments & individuals that I have had contact with over my career who have provided me with their insight, knowledge and research.
Without them, I would not be here and this technique would not have developed to where it is today.
Main References
Barneley, L., Bogduk, N. (1995) The Prevalence of Chronic Cervical Zygapophysial Joint Pain After Whiplash. SPINE Volume 20, Number 1, pp 20-26
Barral, J. P. (1991). The Thorax. Seattle, WA: Eastland Press. Seattle, WA.
Barral, J. P. (Director). (2002). Visceral Manipulation [DVD] Eastland Press (Producer). Seattle, WA.
Barral, J. P. & Mercier, P. (2006). Visceral Manipulation (Revised Edition). Seattle, WA: Eastland Press.
Barral, J. P. (2007). Visceral Manipulation II (Revised Edition). Seattle, WA: Eastland Press.
Becker, R. E. (1997). Life in Motion. Portland, Oregon: Stillness Press LLC.
Cantu, R. I. & Grodin, A. J. (2001) Myofascial Manipulation, Theory and Clinical Application: Second Edition. New York, NY: Aspen Publishers.
Cooper, G., Bogduk, N. (2007) Cervical Zygapophysial Joint Pain Maps. Pain Medicine Volume 8, Number 4, 2007: American Academy of Pain Medicine 1526-2375/07/$15.00/344 344–353 doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2006.00201
Coote, J. H. & Pérez-Gonzáles, J. F. (1970). The response of some sympathetic neurons to volleys in various afferent nerves. The Journal of Physiology, 208(02), 261-278.
Cottingham, J. T. (1985) Healing through Touch. Boulder, CO: Rolf Institute Publications.
Chu, D. et al. (2003). Neuromuscular Disorder in Response to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Creep. Clinical Biomechanics, 18(3), 222-30
David Lesondak and Singing Cowboy Productions (Producer & Director). (2012). Fascia and Sports Medicine [DVD].
Diederichsen, L. P., et al. (2004). Reflexes in the Shoulder Muscles Elicited from the Human Coracoacromial Ligament. Journal of Orthopedic Research, 22(5), 976-83.
DiGiovanna, E. L. et al.. (2004). An Osteopathic Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment:Third Edition. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Dixion, M. (2006). Joint Play the Right Way for the Axial Skeleton. Vancouver, BC:Arthrokinetic Publishing.
Dreyfuss P et al., Thoracic Zygapophyseal joint pain patterns. A study in normal volunteers. Spine. 1994;19:807-11
Edmond, S. L. (1993). Manipulation Mobilization Extremities and Spinal Techniques. St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
Endo Vivo (Producer), & Guimberteau, J. C. (Director). (2004). Strolling under the skin [DVD].
Endo Vivo (Producer), & Guimberteau, J. C. (Director). (2008). The Skin Excursion [DVD].
Endo Vivo (Producer), & Guimberteau, J. C. (Director). (2010). Muscle Attitudes [DVD].
Findley, T. W. & Schleip, R. (2007). First International Fascia Research Congres: Basic Science and Implications for Conventional and Complementary Health Care. Munich, Germany: Elsevier GmbH.
Findley, T. W. et al. (2009). Second International Fascia Research Congress: Basic Science and Implications for Conventional and Complementary Health Care. Munich, Germany: Elsevier GmbH.
Gorman, D. (2005). The Body Moveable: Fifth Edition. Guelph, ON: Learning Methods Publications.
Grooms et al. (2015) Neuroplasticity following anterior cruciate ligament injury: a framework for visual-motor training approaches in rehabilitation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2015 May;45(5):381-93.
Hackett, G. Ligament and Tendon Relaxation Treated by Prolotherapy. Third Edition. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, 1958.
Hamwee, J. (2000). Zero Balancing: Touching the Energy of Bone. Berkley, CA: North Atlantic Books.
Hildebrand, KA et al., (1998) Scar Formation and Ligament Healing, McCaig Centre for Joint Injury and Arthritis Research, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
Hoppenfeld, S. (1976). Physical Examination of the Spine & Extremities. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Integral Anatomy Productions, LLC (Producer), & Hedley, G. (Director). (2005). The Integral Anatomy Series, Vol. 1: Skin and Superficial Fascia [DVD].
Integral Anatomy Productions, LLC (Producer), & Hedley, G. (Director). (2006). The Integral Anatomy Series, Vol. 2: Deep Fascia and Muscle [DVD].
Integral Anatomy Productions, LLC (Producer), & Hedley, G. (Director). (2006). The Integral Anatomy Series, Vol. 3: Cranial and Visceral Fasciae [DVD].
Integral Anatomy Productions, LLC (Producer), & Hedley, G. (Director). (2009). The Integral Anatomy Series, Vol. 4: Viscera and their Fasciae [DVD].
Jealous, J. Perceptual Studies No. 1: The Sutherland Odyssey [CD]. United States: Direction of Ease, LLC.
Jealous, J. Balanced Membranous Tension: No. 1 [CD]. United States: Direction of Ease, LLC.
Jealous, J. Balanced Membranous Tension: No. 2: [CD]. United States: Direction of Ease, LLC.
Jealous, J. The Patient’s Neutral: No. 1 [CD]. United States: Direction of Ease, LLC.
Jealous, J. (2006). Our Hands [CD]. United States: Direction of Ease, LLC.
Johansson, H. et al. (1991). A Sensory Role for the Cruciate Ligaments. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 268, 161-78
Kapreli et al. (2006) The anterior cruciate ligament deficiency as a model of brain plasticity. Med Hypotheses. 2006;67(3):645-50
Kapreli et al. (2009) Anterior cruciate ligament deficiency causes brain plasticity: a functional MRI study. Am J Sports Med. 2009 Dec;37(12):2419-26.
Karagiannopoulos C(2016) Rehabilitation strategies for wrist sensorimotor control impairment: From theory to practice. J Hand Ther. 2016 Apr-Jun;29(2):154-65. doi: 10.1016/j.jht.2015.12.003. Epub 2015 Dec 12.
Konishi, Y. et al. (2002). Mechanism of Quadriceps Femoris Muscle Weakness in Patients with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 12(6), 371-5.
Konishi, Y. et al. (2002). Possible Mechanism of Quadriceps Femoris Weakness in Patients with Ruptured Anterior Cruciate Ligament. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(9), 1414-8.
Langevin HM, et al.(2002) Mechanical signaling through connective tissue: A mechanism for the therapeutic effect of acupuncture. FASEB J. 2001;15:2275–2282.
Lederman, E. (2005). The Science and Practice of Manual Therapy (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone.
Melnyk M Changes in stretch reflex excitability are related to “giving way” symptoms in patients with anterior cruciate ligament rupture. J Neurophysiol. 2007 Jan;97(1):474-80. Epub 2006 Aug 30.
Mitchell, J. H. & Schmidt, R. F. (1977). Cardiovascular reflex control by afferent fibers from skeletal muscle receptors. Handbook of Physiology (eds. Shepherd JT et al.) Sect. 2, vol. III, part 2, 623-658. Bethesda, MD: American Physiological Society.
Myers, T. (2011). Dynamic Ligaments: Re-visioning the Fascia as a Body-Wide Regulatory System. Massage Magazine.
Needle AR (2014) Neuromechanical coupling in the regulation of muscle tone and joint stiffness. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014 Oct;24(5):737-48.
Netter, F. H. (1998). Atlas of Human Anatomy. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier.
Nicholas, E. A. (2008) Atlas of Osteopathic Techniques (1st ed.). Baltimore, MD: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
Osteopathic Cranial Association. (1953). Journal of the Osteopathic Cranial Association.
Park, H. B. et al. (2005). Mapping the Rat Somatosensory Pathway from the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Nerve Endings to the Cerebrum. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 23(6), 1419-24.
Pelletier et al. (2015) Addressing Neuroplastic Changes in Distributed Areas of the Nervous System Associated With Chronic Musculoskeletal Disorders. Phys Ther. 2015 Nov;95(11):1582-91
Pelletier et al. (2015) Is neuroplasticity in the central nervous system the missing link to our understanding of chronic musculoskeletal disorders? BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2015 Feb 12;16:25
Phillips, D.,Petrie, S.,Solomonow, M.,Zhou, B. H.,Guanche, C. & D’Ambrosia, R. (1997). Ligamentomuscular Protective Reflex in the Elbow. The Journal of Hand Surgery, 22(3), 473-8.
Riemann, BL et al.,(2002) The Sensorimotor System, Part II: The Role of Proprioception in Motor Control and Functional Joint Stability. Journal of Athletic Training 2002;37(1):80–84
Sakada, S. (1974). Mechanoreceptors in fascia, periosteum and periodontal ligament. Bull Tokyo Med Dent Univ, 21 (Suppl.), 11-13.
Sakamoto, N. et al. (2001). An Electrophysiologic Study of Mechanoreceptors in the Sacroiliac Joint and Adjacent Tissues. Spine, 26(20), E468-71.
Schleip, R. Dynamic Body: Exploring Human Form, Expanding Human Function Fascia as a Sensory Organ: A Target of Myofascial Manipulation.
Schleip, R. (2004). 5th Interdisciplinary World Congress on Low Back & Pelvic Pain [oral presentation]. Melbourne, Australia.
Schleip R. (2003) Fascial plasticity – a new neurobiological explanation: Part 1 Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2003, Pages 11-19
Schleip R. (2003) Fascial plasticity – a new neurobiological explanation: Part 2 Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, Volume 7, Issue 2, April 2003, Pages 104-116
Schultz, R. L. & Freitis, R. (1996). The Endless Web: Fascial Anatomy and Physical Reality. Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books.
Solomonow, M. (2003). Ligaments: A Source of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders, [presentation at the 2003 STAR Symposium]
Solomonow, M. (2006). Sensory-motor Control of Ligaments and Associated Neuromuscular Disorders. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 16(6), 549-67.
Solomonow, M. (2009). Ligaments: A Source of Musculoskeletal Disorders. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 13(2), 136-54.
Speece, C. A., Crow, W. T. (2009). Ligamentous Articular Strain: Osteopathic Manipulative Techniques for the Body (Revised edition). Seattle, WA: Eastland Press.
Stecco et al. (2014) Fibrosis and Densification: Anatomical vs Functional Alteration of the Fascia. Fourth International Fascia Research Congress: Basic Science and Implications for Conventional and Complementary Health Care. Munich, Germany: Elsevier GmbH.
Still, A. T.(1992). Osteopathy: Research and Practice. Seattle, WA: Eastland Press.
Stilwell, D. (1957). Regional variations in the innervation of deep fasciae and aponeuroses. The Anatomical Record, 127(4), 635-653.
Sutherland, W. G. (1998). Contributions of Thought: The Collected Writings of William Garner
Sutherland (2nd ed.). Yakima, WA: Sutherland Cranial Teaching Foundation.
Sutherland WG. Teachings in the Science of Osteopathy. Wales A (ed.). Portland, OR: Rudra, Press, 1990
van den Berg, F. & Cabri, J. (1999). Angewandte Physiologie – Das Bindegewebe des Bewegungsapparates verstehen und beeinflussen. Stuttgart, Germany: Georg Thieme Verlag.
van der Wal, J. (2009). The Architecture of the Connective Tissue in the Musculoskeletal System—An Often Overlooked Functional Parameter as to Proprioception in the Locomotor Apparatus. International Journal of Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork, 2(4).
Van Kleef et al. (2010) Pain originating from the Lumbar Facet Joints, Evidence-based Interventional Pain Medicine according to Clinical Diagnosis. 2010 World Institute of Pain, 1530-7085/10
Viklund P. (2012) Comparison of ankle joint dorsiflexion after classical massage or specific myofascial receptor massage technique on the calf muscle. Third International Fascia Research Congress: Basic Science and Implications for Conventional and Complementary Health Care. Munich, Germany: Elsevier GmbH.
Ward et al. (2014) Neuromuscular deficits after peripheral joint injury: a neurophysiological hypothesis. Muscle Nerve. 2015 Mar;51(3):327-32
Yahia, L. et al. (1992). Sensory innervation of human thoracolumbar fascia. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica, 63(2), 195-197.
Ligament Pain References
Allegri M et al (2016) Mechanisms of low back pain: a guide for diagnosis and therapy. Version 2. F1000Res.2016 Jun 28 revised 2016 Oct 11;5. pii: F1000 Faculty Rev-1530. eCollection 2016.
Barnsley et al (1995) The prevalence of chronic cervical zygapophysial joint pain after whiplash. Spine (Phila Pa 1976).1995 Jan 1;20(1):20-5; discussion 26.
Bayam et al. (2011) Pain Mapping for Common Shoulder Disorders, Am J Orthop. 40(7):353-358.
Bogduk et al (1979) The anatomy of the so-called “articular nerves” and their relationship to facet denervation in the treatment of low-back pain, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia, and Department of Neurological Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland J Neurosurg 51:172-177, 1979
Bogduk et al (1980) Percutaneous Lumbar Medial Branch Neuroanatomy, A Modification of Facet Denervation SPINE Vol. 5, number 2, March/April 1980
Bogduk et al (1985) The Innervation of the Vertebral Column, The Australian Journal of Physiotherapy Vol 31, No 3, 1985
Bogduk et al (1990) Cervical zygapophyseal joint pain patterns. I: A study in normal volunteers. Spine (Phila Pa 1976).1990 Jun;15(6):453-7.
Bogduk et al (1990) Cervical zygapophyseal joint pain patterns. II: A clinical evaluation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976).1990 Jun;15(6):458-61.
Bogduk et al (1994) Clinical features of patients with pain stemming from the lumbar zygapophysial joints. Is the lumbar facet syndrome a clinical entity? Spine (Phila Pa 1976).1994 May 15;19(10):1132-7.
Bogduk (2003) The anatomy and pathophysiology of neck pain Department of Clinical Research, Royal Newcastle Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia, Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 14 (2003) 455–472
Bogduk et al (2007) Cervical zygapophysial joint pain maps.Pain Med.2007 May-Jun;8(4):344-53.
Bough et al (1990) Degeneration of the lumbar facet joints. Arthrography and pathology. J Bone Joint Surg Br.1990 Mar;72(2):275-6.
Chen HB et al. (2009) Biomechanics of whiplash injury. Chin J Traumatol.2009 Oct;12(5):305-14.
Cohen et al. (2007) Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Lumbar Zygapophysial (Facet) Joint Pain, Anesthesiology 2007; 106:591–614
Dreyfuss et al (1994) Thoracic zygapophyseal joint pain patterns. A study in normal volunteers. Spine (Phila Pa 1976).1994 Apr 1;19(7):807-11.
Dreyfuss et al (1994) Atlanto-occipital and lateral atlanto-axial joint pain patterns. Spine (Phila Pa 1976).1994 May 15;19(10):1125-31.
Ehni G, Benner B. (1984) Occipital neuralgia and the C1-2 arthrosis syndrome. J Neurosurg.1984 Nov;61(5):961-5.
Felson DT(2005) The sources of pain in knee osteoarthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. Sep;17(5):624-8.
Fortin JD et al (1994) Sacroiliac joint: pain referral maps upon applying a new injection/arthrography technique. Part I: Asymptomatic volunteers. Spine (Phila Pa 1976).1994 Jul 1;19(13):1475-82.
Fortin JD et al (1994) Sacroiliac joint: pain referral maps upon applying a new injection/arthrography technique. Part II: Clinical evaluation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976).1994 Jul 1;19(13):1483-9.
Fukui S et al (1997) Patterns of pain induced by distending the thoracic zygapophyseal joints. Reg Anesth.1997 Jul-Aug;22(4):332-6.
Fukui et al (1997) Distribution of referred pain from the lumbar zygapophyseal joints and dorsal rami. Clin J Pain.1997 Dec;13(4):303-7.
Fulkerson (2017) A Practical Guide to Understanding and Treating Patellofemoral Pain Am J Orthop. 2017 March;46(2):101-103
Gerber C et al. (1998) The pattern of pain produced by irritation of the acromioclavicular joint and the subacromial space. J Shoulder Elbow Surg.1998 Jul-Aug;7(4):352-5.
Graven-Nielsen T. (2002) Fundamentals of muscle pain, referred pain, and deep tissue hyperalgesia. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl.2006;122:1-43.
Hackett, G. Ligament and Tendon Relaxation Treated by Prolotherapy. Third Edition. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, 1958.
Hassett G et al. (2001) Pain referral from the sternoclavicular joint: a study in normal volunteers. Rheumatology (Oxford).Aug;40(8):859-62.
Hauser, Ross A.; Hauser, Marion A. (1998) Prolo Your Pain Away! Curing Chronic Pain with ProlotherapyPublished by Caring Medical & Rehab Serv (1998) ISBN 10: 0966101006ISBN 13: 9780966101003
Hauser, Ross A.; Hauser, Marion A. (2001) Prolo Your Sports Injuries Away! Curing Sports Injuries & Enhancing Athletic Performance with Prolotherapy First Edition Edition Publisher: Caring Medical & Rehab Serv, 2001 ISBN 10: 0966101014 ISBN 13: 9780966101010
Haversath M et al. (2013) The distribution of nociceptive innervation in the painful hip: a histological investigation. Bone Joint J.Jun;95-B(6):770-6. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.95B6.30262.
Hildebrand KA et al (1998) Scar formation and ligament healing. Can J Surg.1998 Dec;41(6):425-9.10. Hunter DJ(2009) Insights from imaging on the epidemiology and pathophysiology of osteoarthritis. Radiol Clin North Am.Jul;47(4):539-51. doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2009.03.004.
Ikeuchi M et al. (2012) Nociceptive sensory innervation of the posterior cruciate ligament in osteoarthritic knees. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. Jun;132(6):891-5. doi: 10.1007/s00402-012-1478-7. Epub 2012 Feb 19.
Kiter E et al. (2010) Immunohistochemical demonstration of nerve endings in iliolumbar ligament. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). Feb 15;35(4):E101-4. doi: 10.1097/BRS .0b013e3181ae561d.
Kulkarni et al. (2002) Interspinous Ligament as a Pain Generator, Pain Physician, Volume 5, Number 3, pp 243-249 2002, American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians® ISSN 1533-3159
Langevin HM et al (2007) Pathophysiological model for chronic low back pain
integrating connective tissue and nervous system mechanisms. Med Hypotheses.2007;68(1):74-80. Epub 2006 Aug 21.
Levy et al. (2014) Snapping Popliteus Tendon Within an Osteochondritis Dissecans Lesion: An Unusual Case of Lateral Knee Pain, Am J Orthop. 2014 August;43(8):E210-E213
McCall et al (1997) Induced pain referral from posterior lumbar elements in normal subjects. Spine (Phila Pa 1976).1979 Sep-Oct;4(5):441-6.
McDougall JJ et al. (1997) Morphological and immunohistochemical examination of nerves in normal and injured collateral ligaments of rat, rabbit, and human knee joints. Anat Rec.1997 May;248(1):29-39.
Manchikanti L et al (2016) Management of lumbar zygapophysial (facet) joint pain. World J Orthop.2016 May 18;7(5):315-37. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v7.i5.315. eCollection 2016 May 18.
Manchikanti et al (2002) Prevalence of cervical facet joint pain in chronic neck pain. Pain Physician.2002 Jul;5(3):243-9.
Manchukonda et al. (2007) Facet Joint Pain in Chronic Spinal Pain: An Evaluation of Prevalence and False-positive Rate of Diagnostic Blocks, J Spinal Disord Tech Volume 20, Number 7, October 2007
Marks et al (1998) Distribution of pain provoked from lumbar facet joints and related structures during diagnostic spinal infiltration. Pain.1989 Oct;39(1):37-40.
Michael et al (2005) Lumbar Zygapophysial Joint Evaluation and Treatment SPINELINE January/February 2005
Ogoke BA et al (2000) The management of the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial joint pain. Pain Physician.2000 Jul;3(3):289-93.
Ovanessoff et al. (2012) Intra-Articular Neurofibroma: An Unusual Source of Anterior Knee Pain, Am J Orthop. 2012 November;41(11):492-495
Post et al. (2017) Patellofemoral Pain: An Enigma Explained by Homeostasis and Common Sense Am J Orthop. 2017 March;46(2):92-100
Rao R et al (2002) Neck pain, cervical radiculopathy, and cervical myelopathy: pathophysiology, natural history, and clinical evaluation. J Bone Joint Surg Am.2002 Oct;84-A(10):1872-81.
Ravin et al (2008) Principles of Prolotherapy Publisher: Denver, Colorado; American Academy of Musculoskeletal Medicine ISBN-13: 978-1933171005
Roberts S et al. (1995) Mechanoreceptors in intervertebral discs. Morphology, distribution, and neuropeptides. Spine (Phila Pa 1976).1995 Dec 15;20(24):2645-51
Sims J A et al (1996) The role of the iliolumbar ligament in low back pain. Med Hypotheses. 1996 Jun;46(6):511-5.
Slipman CW et al (2000) Sacroiliac joint pain referral zones. Arch Phys Med Rehabil.2000 Mar;81(3):334-8.
Solomonow M. (2009) Ligaments: a source of musculoskeletal disorders. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 2009;13(2):136-54. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19329050
Star MJ et al (1992) Atlantoaxial lateral mass osteoarthritis. A frequently overlooked cause of severe occipitocervical pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976).1992 Jun;17(6 Suppl):S71-6.
Steinbrocker O et al (1953) Observations on pain produced by injection of hypertonic saline into muscles and othersupportive tissues. J Clin Invest. 1953 Oct;32(10):1045-51.
Steilen et al (2014) Chronic neck pain: making the connection between capsular ligament laxity and cervical instability. Open Orthop J.2014 Oct 1;8:326-45. doi: 10.2174/1874325001408010326. eCollection 2014.
Van Kleef et al. (2010) Pain originating from the Lumbar Facet Joints, Evidence-based Interventional Pain Medicine according to Clinical Diagnosis. 2010 World Institute of Pain, 1530-7085/10
Vleeming et al (2007) Movement, Stability & Lumbopelvic Pain 2nd Edition Integration of research and therapy, eBook ISBN: 9780702036842 Hardcover ISBN: 9780443101786 Imprint: Churchill Livingstone
Vleeming A et al (2012) The sacroiliac joint: an overview of its anatomy, function and potential clinical implications. J Anat.2012 Dec;221(6):537-67. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01564.x. Epub 2012 Sep 19.
Willard FH et al (2012) The thoracolumbar fascia: anatomy, function and clinical considerations.J Anat.2012 Dec;221(6):507-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01511.x. Epub 2012 May 27.
Windsor et al. (2002) Electrical Stimulation Induced Lumbar Medial Branch Referral Patterns, Pain Physician, Volume 5, Number 4, pp 347-353 2002, American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians® ISSN 1533-3159
Wyke (1972) ARTICULAR NEUROLOGY. Neurological Laboratory, Royal College of Surgeons of England, Physiotherapy – Vol. 58, #3, March 12, 1972: pp. 94-99
Wyke et al. (1975) Articular neurology – the present position. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1975;57-B:401.
Wyke, BD. (1980) Articular Neurology and Manipulative Therapy. In Aspects of Manipulative Therapy. Ed. Idezak, R.M. Lincoln Institute of Health Sciences.
Yanagisawa et al. (2014) Population-based study of the relationship between medial meniscus radial displacement, determined by use of ultrasound screening, and knee pain. J Orthop Sci.2014 Nov;19(6):954-8. doi: 10.1007/s00776-014-0628-x. Epub 2014 Aug 16.
Young BA et al (2008) Thoracic costotransverse joint pain patterns: a study in normal volunteers. BMC Musculoskelet Disord.2008 Oct 15;9:140. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-9-140.
Zoland et al (2017) Referral Patterns for Chronic Groin Pain and Athletic Pubalgia/Sports Hernia: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings, Treatment, and Outcomes, Am J Orthop. 2017 July;46(4):E251-E256